Mountain and wadi driving offers a very different experience from driving in the desert. Unlike open dunes, where you can often choose your own route, mountain trails and wadis require you to follow established tracks. These routes have generally developed over time and are usually the safest way to navigate challenging terrain while minimizing environmental impact.

Driving in mountainous terrain also presents unique hazards, including steep gradients, loose rock, narrow tracks, and rapidly changing weather conditions. Proper preparation and cautious driving are essential..

Weather conditions #

Weather is one of the most important factors to consider before entering mountain or wadi terrain.

Entering mountains or wadis during unstable weather is not only extremely dangerous but is also illegal in the UAE. Flash floods can occur with very little warning, even if rainfall is taking place many kilometres away from your location. Every year, vehicles become stranded or are swept away by floodwaters, resulting in serious injuries and fatalities.

Before every trip, check the latest weather forecast using reliable sources such as the Windy app or the National Center of Meteorology weather radar.

If there is any risk of heavy rainfall or flooding, postpone your trip.

Tires #

The right tires make a significant difference when driving over rocky terrain.

Sharp rocks can easily damage Highway Terrain (HT) tires, making All-Terrain (AT) or Mud-Terrain (MT) tires the preferred choice for mountain and wadi driving due to their stronger construction and improved puncture resistance.

Unlike desert driving, where very low tire pressures are common, mountain driving requires a balance between grip and tire protection.

As a general guideline:

• 20–25 psi for most vehicles.
• 25–28 psi for heavier vehicles.

These pressures improve traction while helping protect the tires from impacts with rocks.

You can use our UAE Tire Pressure Calculator to determine a suitable pressure for your vehicle.

UAE Tire Pressure Calculator

Low Range (4LO) #

Whenever negotiating steep climbs, descents, or technical rocky sections, engage Low Range (4LO).

Using low range provides several advantages:

• Increased torque at low speeds.
• Improved vehicle control.
• Reduced strain on the transmission.
• Excellent engine braking on descents.
• Less reliance on the service brakes, reducing the risk of brake overheating.

Allow the vehicle to work at its own pace rather than relying on excessive throttle or constant braking.

Driving Over Rocks #

When driving over rocky obstacles, always aim to place your tires on top of the rocks rather than allowing the underbody of the vehicle to make contact.

Using your tires to climb obstacles increases ground clearance and helps protect vulnerable components such as:

• Chassis rails
• Bumpers
• Differential housings
• Transfer case
• Transmission components

Move slowly, choose your line carefully, and use a spotter whenever visibility is limited.

Loose gravel #

Loose gravel can significantly reduce traction and make steering and braking less predictable.

Drive at a controlled speed, remain in low gear where appropriate, and avoid sudden steering, braking, or acceleration inputs, as these can cause the vehicle to lose grip or slide sideways.

Maintaining smooth and deliberate vehicle inputs is the key to staying in control.

Fording #

Water Crossings (Fording) #

Water crossings are relatively uncommon in the UAE, and they should never be attempted during periods of unstable weather or when wadis are officially closed.

If you must cross a section of water, take the time to assess the crossing carefully before entering.

Before Entering the Water #

• Never assume the water depth.
• Walk the crossing first if it is safe to do so, or use a stick to measure the depth.
• Check the condition of the riverbed for holes, rocks, or soft surfaces.

As a general recommendation, avoid crossing water deeper than approximately 70% of the tire height.

Crossing Technique #

Proceed slowly and maintain a steady, consistent speed throughout the crossing.

Using Low Range (4LO) helps maintain engine speed and torque while reducing the likelihood of stalling, particularly in older vehicles that may be more susceptible to moisture affecting the ignition system.

Avoid sudden acceleration, gear changes, or creating a large bow wave.

After the Crossing #

Once safely across:

• Test the brakes immediately to dry the brake discs and confirm normal braking performance.
• Check for any warning lights or unusual vehicle behaviour.
• Inspect the vehicle if possible before continuing your journey.

Vehicles Equipped with a Snorkel #

A snorkel increases the height of the engine’s air intake, but it does not make the vehicle waterproof.

Many manufacturers publish maximum wading depths based on a brand-new vehicle under controlled conditions. As vehicles age, seals, bearings, breathers, and electrical connectors become less resistant to water ingress.

For this reason, never rely solely on the advertised wading depth.

If Your Vehicle Becomes Flooded #

If water enters the engine or the vehicle becomes flooded:

• Switch off the engine immediately.
• Do not attempt to restart it.
• Arrange for the vehicle to be recovered using a recovery truck.

Continuing to run or restarting a flooded engine can cause severe mechanical damage, including hydraulic lock, which may require a complete engine replacement.

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Drive Within Your Limits #

Mountain and wadi driving rewards patience, observation, and good judgement.

Drive at a pace that allows you to assess obstacles, choose the best line, and react safely to changing terrain. If you’re unsure about an obstacle, stop, inspect it on foot, and ask for guidance if travelling with experienced drivers.

A cautious approach will always get you further than unnecessary speed or risk-taking.